WN therapy also seems to improve impulsivity. In a small study, researchers tested children to see if off-task behavior could be affected by WN. Off-task behavior was measured every 15s and then judged if the children were working on a prescribed task or not. Children with ADHD and on stimulant therapy were tested under three conditions: control, headphones only, and headphones with 75 dB WN playing bi-naurally. Observers measured off-task behavior for 15 min assignments to look for verbal, motor, or passive off task behavior. They found that passive off-task behavior was significantly lowered by WN, however the authors did admit that the WN may have simply reduced auditory distractions that caused the passive off-task behavior.`'' WN may also have benefits in children with ADHD in other areas of impulsivity as well. In a button-pressing test, reaction time to press and vigilance (withholding presses) were examined during 77 dB WN therapy. WN improved vigilance in children with ADHD, but did not affect reaction time.52 In another study examining reaction time in children with ADHD, researchers found no improvement with WN, but when they separated the groups by medicated and non-medicated, they found that WN significantly improved reaction time in medicated children and impaired those not medicated. The authors suggested that WN level might not have been optimal to see benefits in the non-medicated group, following the inverted U function of SR theory."'' In another study examining impulsivity, children with ADIID were tested against children without in 80 dB of pink noise (a modified version of white noise where higher frequency sounds are played at a slightly lower volume) versus no noise. They were tested whether they would pick smaller short-term rewards over larger long-term rewards. The ADHD children were found to pick the smaller short-term rewards regardless of pink noise added. This suggests that some aspects of im-pulsivity are not affected by noise therapy.