We therefore develop three new indices of de jure measures of (i) capital controls specific to thefinancial sector; (ii) FX-related prudential measures, and (iii) other prudential measures. For financial sector specific controls and FX-related measures, we obtain information from the IMF's AREAER for 51 EMEs over the period 1995–2008. For other prudentialmeasures, we conduct a survey of IMF country teams and compile information for 42 EMEs for the years 2005 and 2007.6 For economywide capital controls, we rely on the index provided by Schindler (2009), which, importantly for our purposes, and unlike the other indices differentiates between controls on inflows and those on outflows.