a This study, b DeWolfe (2006), c Makris and O’Connor (2007), d Babatunde and Zhao
(2007), e EPA (2001), f Kvarnstrom et al. (2004), *mean values obtained from Yang
et al. (2006), nd no data, **total carbon. Determination was carried out on air-dried
aluminum-based water treatment residual with particle sizes