Probiotics are live microorganisms

Probiotics are live microorganisms that promote health benefits upon consumption, while prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics and/or prebiotics could be used as alternative supplements to exert health benefits, including cholesterol-lowering effects on humans. Past in vivo studies showed that the administration of probiotics and/or prebiotics are effective in improving lipid profiles, including the reduction of serum/plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides or increment of HDL-cholesterol. However, other past studies have also shown that probiotics and prebiotics had insignificant effects on lipid profiles, disputing the hypocholesterolemic claim. Additionally, little information is available on the effective dosage of probiotics and prebiotics needed to exert hypocholesterolemic effects. Probiotics and prebiotics have been suggested to reduce cholesterol via various mechanisms. However, more clinical evidence is needed to strengthen these proposals. Safety issues regarding probiotics and/or prebiotics have also been raised despite their long history of safe use. Although probiotic-mediated infections are rare, several cases of systemic infections caused by probiotics have been reported and the issue of antibiotic resistance has sparked much debate. Prebiotics, classified as food ingredients, are generally considered safe, but overconsumption could cause intestinal discomfort. Conscientious prescription of probiotics and/or prebiotics is crucial, especially when administering to specific high risk groups such as infants, the elderly and the immuno-compromised.

結果 (繁體中文) 1:

益生菌是促進消費時的健康益處，而益生元是不易消化的食物成分，其選擇性地刺激有益微生物在胃腸道中生長的活的微生物。益生菌和/或益生元可以作為替代的補充發揮健康益處，包括對人體降低膽固醇的作用。過去的體內研究表明，益生菌和/或益生元的施用可有效改善脂質譜，包括血清/血漿總膽固醇，LDL-膽固醇的降低和甘油三酯或HDL-膽固醇的增加。然而，其他過去的研究也表明，益生菌和益生元對血脂的效果不明顯，爭議的降低膽固醇的要求。另外，信息很少益生菌和發揮降膽固醇效果所需要的益生元的有效劑量。益生菌和益生元已被建議通過各種機制，以降低膽固醇。然而，需要更多的臨床證據，以加強這些建議。關於益生菌和/或益生元的安全問題也被提出，儘管其長期安全使用的歷史。雖然益生菌介導的感染是罕見的，造成的益生菌全身性感染的幾個病例報告和抗生素耐藥性的問題，已經引發了很多爭論。益生元，屬於食物成分，通常被認為是安全的，但過度消費會導致腸胃不適。益生菌和/或益生元的良心藥方是至關重要的，

結果 (繁體中文) 2:

Details of current drawings of 4647/HDDV-TP2009 on 06/08/2009 founded by ADEC Company

結果 (繁體中文) 3:

益生菌是一種能促進健康的活微生物，而益生元是一種不易消化的食物成分，能選擇性地刺激胃腸道中有益微生物的生長。益生菌和/或益生元可作為替代補充劑發揮健康效益，包括降低人類膽固醇的作用。過去的體內研究表明，益生菌和/或益生元的使用可有效改善血脂狀況，包括降低血清/血漿總膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇和甘油三酯或高密度脂蛋白膽固醇的新增。然而，其他過去的研究也表明益生菌和益生元對血脂譜的影響微不足道，這與低膽固醇的說法存在爭議。此外，關於益生菌和益生元發揮低膽固醇作用所需的有效劑量的資訊很少。益生菌和益生元被認為通過各種機制降低膽固醇。然而，需要更多的臨床證據來加强這些建議。儘管益生菌和/或益生元具有很長的安全使用歷史，但它們的安全問題也被提出。雖然益生菌介導的感染是罕見的，但已有幾例由益生菌引起的全身感染的報告，抗生素耐藥性的問題也引發了許多爭論。被歸類為食品成分的益生元通常被認為是安全的，但過量食用會引起腸道不適。認真的益生菌和/或益生元處方是至關重要的，尤其是在對特定的高危人群，如嬰兒、老年人和免疫受損人群進行治療時。