Concept 5: Imagining How Another Is Thinking and Feeling Rather than imagine how it would feel to be a young woman just told she is losing her job, you might imagine how your friend is thinking and feeling. Your imagining can be based both on what she says and does and on your knowledge of her character, values, and desires. Stotland (1969) spoke of this as a particular form of perspective taking, an “imagine him” perspective. More generally, it has been called an “imagine other” perspective (Batson, 1991). Wispe (1968) called imagining how another is feeling “psychological empathy” to differentiate it from the aesthetic empathy of concept 4. Adolphs (1999) called it “empathy” or “projection”; Ruby and Decety (2004) called it “empathy” or “perspective taking.” In a perceptive analysis from a therapeutic perspective, Barrett-Lennard (1981) spoke of adopting an “empathic attentional set.” This set involves “a process of feeling into, in which Person A opens him- or herself in a deeply responsive way to Person B’s feelings and experiencing but without losing awareness that B is a distinct other self” (p. 92). At issue is not so much what one knows about the feelings and thoughts of the other but one’s sensitivity to the way the other is affected by his or her situation.