The outer model was assessed through the validity and reliability of the measurement scales to ensure their sound psychometric properties. Validity was examined based on convergent validity and discriminant validity (Hulland, 1999). Convergent validity was evaluated through the strength and significance of the loadings. The results of the initial measurement model show that three items (COMP3, RA5, and OBS2) were problematic due to their low factor loadings. After careful examina- tion of the items together with the definition of their respective construct, they were removed for subse- quent analysis. The results of the final outer model indicate that, all the 30 remaining indicators had load- ings exceeding the satisfactory level of >0.7 (Gerbing & Anderson, 1988). In addition, the bootstrap critical ratios indicate that all indicators are statistically signifi- cant p < .001, and all AVEs were greater than .50 (Fornell & Bookstein, 1982), providing evidence for con- vergent validity (see Table 2).