Few studies have examined the long- term effects of acute, continuation, and maintenance treatments on youth with de- pression. In TADS, youth were followed for a period of up to 5 years from the start of treatment. The percentage of youth that had achieved a response continued to in- crease as time passed over the first year of treatment. By 18 weeks, at the end of the short continuation phase treatment, 85%of youth in combination, 69% of youth receiving medication only, and 65% of youth receiving CBT only, had achieved a response. By 36 weeks, at the end of the maintenance phase of treatment, these rates increased to 86%, 81%, and 81%, re- spectively.32 Some youth were followed for an additional year after treatment. Results indicate that the gains made by week 36 of active treatment continued to persist.Additionally, of those followed open-ly for an additional 3.5 years, 96.4% of youth had achieved recovery from their index depressive episode. However, re- gardless of treatment type, 46.6% had experienced a recurrence of their de- pression.33 When followed over a long period of time, most youth achieve re- covery. However, many will experience a new episode of depression. In adults, residual symptoms have been associated with relapse and recurrence.34,35Likewise, youth often continue to ex- perience some residual symptoms at the end of acute treatment, which may be as- sociated with poorer outcomes, includ- ing relapse and or recurrence. Remis- sion rates are higher among those youth experiencing fewer residual symptoms at the end of acute treatment.32 In sum- mary, the episodic nature of this illness points to the need for longer-term strat- egies and interventions that reduce the risk of relapse and recurrence.