Another possibility is situation-dependent measurement of leadership behaviors, for example, by using situational judgment tests or similar instruments that utilize situationally anchored items (McDaniel, Morgeson, Finnegan, Campion, & Braverman, 2001; Motowidlo, Dunnette, & Carter, 1990). Both methods allow for the measurement of leadership variability and temporal flexibility which are the heart of our ambidextrous leadership theory.