Log user■ Cover (e.g., red-backed voles),■ Foraging sites (e.g., shrews and moles)■ Sites for attracting mates (e.g., ruffed grouse).■ Interior of hollow logs, or the spaces beneath a log,provide a stable and often moist microenvironmentthat is especially important to the survival of somespecies of amphibians and reptiles■ Connectivity across the forest floo