Pronouns can be divided into the same three groups that are used to classify markers (p. 36). Ang, Ng and Sa pronouns generally have the same roles in a sentence as phrases introduced by an Ang, Ng or Sa marker, respectively.
pronoun
translation
ako
I
ikaw, ka
you (singular)
siya
he/she
kami
we (excluding you)
tayo
we (including you)
kayo
you (plural)
sila
they
Ikaw and ka both mean you. Ikaw is used in the News (p. 30) of a sentence, while ka is used in thePOD (p. 30). Examples:
Ikaw ang panalo.
The winner is you.
Maganda ka.
You are pretty.
Exception: Ikaw is used in the POD in POD-first sentences (p. 373), which are less common in everyday speech.
kami
we (excluding the listener)
tayo
we (including the listener)
Examples:
Teacher kami.
We (e.g. my wife and I) are teachers.
Teacher tayo.
We (e.g. you, my wife and I) are teachers.
We (e.g. you and I) are teachers.
Kayo, you (plural), is used instead of ikaw/ka, you (singular), to address older people, superiors, adult strangers and adult customers.
Sila, they, is also often used to address customers and high-ranking officials. It is also used when asking an adult stranger who he or she is. Example:
Sino po’ sila?
May I have your name, please?
May I know who you are?
Who’s speaking?
Lit. Who are they?
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