Ecosystem-based management ,is an approach that goes beyond examining singel issue,species,or ecosystem functions in isolation.Instead it recognize ecological systems for what they are:a rich mix of elements that interact with each other in important ways.This is particulatly important for oceans and coasts.A single commercially valuable fish species,for example,may depend on a range of widely separated habitats over its life,depending on whether it is young or adult, feeding, spawning,or migrating.It needs access to each habitat at the right time,as well as ample food,clean water,and shelter.
Healthy marine and coastal ecosystems provide many valuable services alongside tourism and coastline protection.They are also recognized-from food security,resources for economic growth and recreation as crucial reservoirs of biodiversity at a time when the loss of species on both land and in the sea is an increasing cause for concern.