Information inconsistency occurs when the same data element has different values. for example, the amount of work that needs to occur to update a customer who had changed her last name due to marriage. Changing this information in only a few organizational systems will lead to data inconsistencies, causing customer 123456 to be associated with two last names. Information integrity issues occur when a system produces incorrect, inconsistent, or duplicate data. Data integrity issues can cause managers to consider the system reports invalid and make decisions based on other sources.