This is surprising because the hemodynamic response to maximal exercise is considered an important clinical marker and screening tool for individuals at risk for future incident hypertension prior to its development (Kim & Ha, 2016). Individuals with normal BP that experience an exaggerated SBP response to maximal exercise are at a 2-4x heightened future risk of developing hypertension and CVD (Benbassat & Froom, 1986; Lewis et al., 2008). The identification of novel biomarkers that influence the BP response to acute exercise, such as 25(OH)D, could be of important clinical utility for the screening, prevention, and treatment of hypertension.