control treatments for disorder-specific symptoms (Bandelow et al., 2015), depression (Cuijpers et al., 2016), and QOL (Hofmann, Wu, &Boettcher, 2014) in anxiety disorder samples. For instance, the meta- analysisbyBandelowetal.(2015)comparingCBTtowaitlistproduced an overall effect size of 1.23 for anxiety disorder symptoms. In con- trast, we observed that CBT was associated with an effect size of 0.56 when compared to placebo.Given that placebo controls are better able to account for nonspecific factors of a treatment, such as expectancy effects, the more conservative estimates found in the present study are likely to be the more accurate reflection of the specific effect of CBT. Using only placebo-controlled trials also allows for a more mean- ingful comparison to effect sizes reported in medication trials. The meta-analysis by Bandelow et al. (2015), for instance, found pharma- cotherapyforGAD,PD,and SAD to be associated with pooled placebo- controlled effect sizes ranging from 0.17 to 0.96 (M = 0.58, SD = 0.22) depending on the medication,suggesting similar efficacy