1船舶电气系统的构成（1）电站。船舶的发电系统是船舶电气系统最关键的部

1船舶电气系统的构成
（1）电站。船舶的发电系统是船舶电气系统最关键的部分，一般由原动机、发电机、变压器等相关设备构成。该发电系统是用柴油机作为原动力机，是船舶的动力来源，为发电机提供动力，并通过变压器进行电压变换，供船舶使用。一般情况下根据船舶所处的不同状态，来决定采用相应的电站进行电力供电，对于大型的船舶，针对其作业、停泊、航行、应急等不同状态配置了不同的电站，给船舶的电力供应提供了安全的保障。船舶上的电站分：主电站，为全船正常工作提供电力；“停泊电站”，在船舶停泊时提供电力；“应急电站”，在船舶遇到紧急情况下提供电力；“特殊电站”，向船舶上各种特殊设备提供电能，如说雷达、发报机、广播等装备。
（2）电力网。船舶上的电力网也是电气系统的重要组成部分，将电站的电能稳定地传输到各个用电设备。电力网的安全可靠，对于船舶的稳定运行起到巨大的作用，船舶电力系统的性质决定了电力网必须保证安全可靠供电，要求关键的设备采用多回路供电，一旦输电线路局部发生破损或接地，必须保证设备的安全供电，同时隔离故障减小影响，采取最快的措施对故障进行处理。船舶电力网分为：“电力输送网”为船舶上的各种重要机械进行供电，“照明电网”负责提供照明设备用电，“弱电装置电网”为一些装置提供电力，“应急电网”，提供应急动力和照明用的。
2船舶电气系统的常见故障
（1）电气接地故障。电气接地故障主要是电力网线路造成的接地故障，船舶上的电力线路由于经常受到外力的拉扯、摩擦，很容易使线路的绝缘外皮发生破损，造成绝缘水平降低，一旦发生绝缘击穿则造成接地故障或者短路故障，威胁人身安全及船舶的正常运行。
（2）发电机故障。发电机电压不能及时建立，一般是由于磁场失磁造成的，可尝试按充磁按钮进行电压恢复。发电机电压异常，如突然失压、电压波动过大，可能是发电机的自动恒压励磁装置发生异常引起的。
（3）主配电板故障。发电机主配电板易发的故障有：主配电板跳闸故障，主配电板不闭合故障。励磁调速系统出现故障，在单台发电机提供电力时，发电机的出口端电压易受负荷的冲击，经常造成电压匹配的条件不能满足，励磁调速系统可能受到较大的影响。
（4）电动机故障。船舶上的电动机在作业时，经常出现过负荷现象，电压波动也会对发电机造成较大的危害，由于船舶上的大型负荷较少，易发生三相不平衡情况，由于电动机长时间工作，易造成内部绝缘下降，发生绕组的短路，这些故障都会伴随着温度的升高，因此，加强对发电机温度的监测，是诊断发电机是否发生故障的重要参数。

結果 (英文) 1:

1 the composition of marine electrical systems(1) power station. Ship power system electrical system is the most crucial part of the generally prime movers, generators, transformers and other associated equipment. The system is used as fuel for diesel engine, is the ship's power source to power the generator and voltage transformation through a transformer, for use by the ship. Normally depending on the ship's status, decided to use the appropriate power supply power station, for larger ships, for its operation, berthing, navigation, emergency and other States are configured with different power plants, power supply to provide a security guarantee to the ship. Ship power station: main station, provide power for ship work; "Park power station", provided in the ship power; "emergency power station", vessels provided under emergency power; "special power", providing power to all kinds of special equipment on the ship, as saying radar, transmitter, radio and other equipment.(2) power grid. Power is also an important part of the electrical system on the ship and power plant of stable power transmission to various electrical equipment. The safety and reliability of the power grid, played a huge role in the stability of the ship operation, nature of the ship electric power system grid to ensure safe and reliable power supply, requires key device used loop power supply, once part of transmission line is broken or ground, must ensure that the safety of power supply and fault isolation to reduce impact, taking fast measures to deal with the fault. Ship power grid is divided into: "grid" for all kinds of important machinery on ships with power, "light grid" is responsible for providing lighting equipment, "weak device grid" for some devices to provide power, "emergency network" to provide emergency power and lighting.2 common faults of marine electrical systems(1) an electrical ground fault. Electrical ground fault ground fault is primarily caused by power lines, power lines on ships due to the often pulled by external forces, friction, it is easy to make line insulation covering damaged, resulting in reduced insulation level, once the earth fault or short circuit fault caused by insulation breakdown occurs, threats to personal safety and normal operation of the ship.(2) the generator. The generator voltage cannot be established in a timely manner, is generally caused by the magnetic field excitation, try magnetizing voltage recovery button. Generator voltage anomalies, such as a sudden loss of pressure, excessive voltage fluctuation, possible automatic constant-pressure is generator excitation equipment caused an exception occurs.(3) main switchboard failure. Generator switchboard-prone faults are: main switchboard trip fault, main switchboard is not closed down. Excitation timing system fails, single generator provided electricity, generator output voltage under load impact, often resulting in voltage match the conditions cannot be met, excitation timing system can have a serious impact.(4) motor fault. Ship Shang of motor in job Shi, often appeared had load phenomenon, voltage fluctuations also will on generator caused larger of against, due to ship Shang of large load less, easy occurred three-phase not balance situation, due to motor long time work, easy caused internal insulation declined, occurred winding of short-circuit, these fault will with with temperature of increased, so, strengthening on generator temperature of monitoring, is diagnosis generator whether occurred fault of important parameter.

結果 (英文) 3:

1 Composition of the electrical system of the ship(1) power station. The ship's power generation system is the most important part of the ship electrical system, which is composed of the original motive, generator, transformer and other related equipment. The power system is used as the original diesel engine, is the ship's power source, power generator, and voltage through the transformer for marine use. Under normal circumstances according to different states of the ship, determine the corresponding power of the power supply, for large ships, for its operations, navigation, berthing, emergency and so on the different state configuration of the different power plants, provided a guarantee to the power supply safety of ships. The ship power station: main power station, providing electricity for the whole ship work; "parking station", to provide electricity in the ship; "emergency power station", to provide emergency power encountered in the ship; "special power", to provide power to the ship on a variety of special equipment, such as radar, transmitter, radio equipment.(2) power network. The power grid on the ship is also an important part of the electrical system, the power of the power station will be stably transmitted to the various electrical equipment. The safety and reliability of power network, a huge role in the stable operation of the ship, the nature of the ship power system determines the power network must ensure safe and reliable power supply, the requirements of key equipment with multi loop power supply, when the transmission line of local damage or grounding, must guarantee the safety of the power supply equipment, at the same time to reduce the influence of fault isolation. Take the fastest measures to deal with the fault. Ship electric network is divided into: "power grid" as the important machinery in ships for power supply, "lighting grid" is responsible for providing the lighting electricity, "weak power grid device" means "emergency", provide emergency power and lighting.2 common faults in the electrical system of ships(1) electrical grounding fault. Electrical grounding fault is the main power line caused by the grounding fault, the ship power line to be pulled, often due to friction force, it is easy to make the insulating sheath line is damaged, cause the insulation level is reduced, the event will cause insulation breakdown fault or short circuit fault, the normal operation of the safety of the ship and the threat people.(2) generator fault. The generator voltage cannot be established in a timely manner, usually because the magnetic field caused by the magnetic loss, you can try to press the button to restore the magnetizing voltage. Generator voltage anomalies, such as sudden pressure loss, voltage fluctuations are too large, may be the generator of the automatic constant voltage excitation device caused by abnormal.(3) the main switchboard fault. The fault generator main switchboard prone: main switchboard trip fault, the main switchboard is not closed fault. The excitation control system failure, provide power in a single generator, voltage generator outlet end is vulnerable to the impact load, often causing conditions cannot meet the voltage matching, excitation control system may be affected.(4) motor fault. The ship motor in operation, often overload phenomenon, the voltage fluctuation will cause great damage to the generator, due to the large load less on the ship, prone to unbalanced situation, because the motor is working for a long time, easy to cause the internal insulation decreased, winding short-circuit occurs, the fault will be accompanied by temperature therefore, the increase, strengthen the monitoring of the temperature of the generator, is an important parameter for the fault diagnosis of generator.