Here, VA ( 2 a σ ) is the additive variance for direct genetic effects, VAm ( 2m σ ) is the additive variance for maternal genetic effects, and VAm ( am σ ) is the covariance between the direct and maternal genetic effects. The dimension of the A matrix in this examples is 2707 × 2707 since there are 2707 animals included in the pedigree. We are estimating 2707 breeding values for direct genetic effects, including all of the pigs that were phenotyped and also including generation 0 pigs that do not have phenotypes. Similarly, we are estimating 2707 breeding values for maternal effects. This may seem strange, since male pigs cannot express a maternal effect. However, since we are dealing with breeding values, a male pig transmits alleles that influence the maternal effects that its daughters can express on their offspring. So, even male pigs have a breeding value for maternal genetic effects, and they can be predicted using the phenotype information from related females in the same way that we predict breeding values of unphenotyped parents based on their phenotyped relatives.
The resulting variance (correlation) components from this model are in file Code04-‐
5_AnimalModel.asr :
Here, VA ( 2 a σ ) is the additive variance for direct genetic effects, VAm ( 2m σ ) is the additive variance for maternal genetic effects, and VAm ( am σ ) is the covariance between the direct and maternal genetic effects. The dimension of the A matrix in this examples is 2707 × 2707 since there are 2707 animals included in the pedigree. We are estimating 2707 breeding values for direct genetic effects, including all of the pigs that were phenotyped and also including generation 0 pigs that do not have phenotypes. Similarly, we are estimating 2707 breeding values for maternal effects. This may seem strange, since male pigs cannot express a maternal effect. However, since we are dealing with breeding values, a male pig transmits alleles that influence the maternal effects that its daughters can express on their offspring. So, even male pigs have a breeding value for maternal genetic effects, and they can be predicted using the phenotype information from related females in the same way that we predict breeding values of unphenotyped parents based on their phenotyped relatives.
The resulting variance (correlation) components from this model are in file Code04-‐
5_AnimalModel.asr :
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