A third factor in the sustainability of schoolwide reform is school culture: Schools with shared vision and cultures of communication and shared decision making, and schools that involve teachers in the design of an innovation, are more likely to sustain innovations (Florian, 2000; Huberman & Miles, 1984). Another important element of school culture is teacher mobility. Huberman and Miles described two waves, one when an innovative practice commences and one later. The second wave, which is likely to have the most impact on sustainability, results from teachers who demonstrate success with the innovation and advance to higher positions. Successful teachers were frequently enforcers in the Huberman and Miles sense; when they left the classroom, support for and communication about the innovation waned (Huberman & Miles).