A firm’s organizational structure also impacts its management of external technology exploitation. Extant literature emphasizes two perspectives on the firms’ organization of IPmanagement. On the one hand, the way how IP management is implemented within the firms’ organizational structure differs between a centralized versus a decentralized IP structure (Carlsson et al. 2008; Granstrand 2000). On the other hand, literature points to the importance of dedicated versus temporary IP functions. In a study with 152 firms, Lichtenthaler et al. (2009) highlight the role of dedicated and temporary organizational structures in the early technology exploitation phase, i.e., for identifying new external exploitation opportunities. Also, in a multiple case study analysis with firms from the pharmaceutical industry, Bianchi et al. (2011b) find that the firms’ organization of external technology commercialization is linked to distinct characteristics of the exploitation project.They find that adapting the organizational structures according to the strategic relevance of the project, the volume of the transaction, and the maturity of the technology can be an important success factor of external technology commercialization.