The utilization of engineered coastal structures such as vertical walls and revetments directly replaces natural shoreline habitats, disrupts land-water exchange, and alters the biophysical en- vironment (e.g., wave climate, depth profile), potentially indirectly harming other natural habi- tats [8,21,22]. Only recently, and largely in response to major disasters such as Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy, have coastal protection initiatives focused on incorporating ecological and ecosystem processes alongside physical and engineering objectives [2,23]. Moreover, it is essen- tial that we understand how the growing number of engineered landscapes impact the structure and resilience of ecological communities, which in turn will impact the delivery of ecosystem servic
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