In this study, the term ‘pore phase’ refers to capillary pore space, the water-filled space
between the cement particles and their reaction products. There are micropores in the
C-S-H product material, which form continuous pathways called ‘gel pores’. However,
transport properties are dominated by the much larger capillary pores. If the capillary
pores close off, however, then transport must be dominated by the much smaller
C-S-H gel micropores. There is no sharp size cut-off between capillary and gel pores.
The capillary pores are considered to have a size ranging from hundreds of
micrometers down to tens of nanometers, with the upper end of the C-S-H gel
pore-size distribution overlapping the lower end of the capillary pore size range
(Mindess and Young 1981). Moreover, gel pores do not influence the strength of
concrete adversely through its porosity, although these pores are directly related to
creep and shrinkage (Kumar and Bhattacharjee 2003). Capillary pores and other larger
pores (if exist), on the other hand, are responsible for reduction in strength and
elasticity, etc. (Newman 1966, Soroka 1979, Neville and Brooks 1990, Brandt 1995,
Mehta and Monteiro 2006). While dealing with an empirical strength–porosity
In this study, the term ‘pore phase’ refers to capillary pore space, the water-filled space
between the cement particles and their reaction products. There are micropores in the
C-S-H product material, which form continuous pathways called ‘gel pores’. However,
transport properties are dominated by the much larger capillary pores. If the capillary
pores close off, however, then transport must be dominated by the much smaller
C-S-H gel micropores. There is no sharp size cut-off between capillary and gel pores.
The capillary pores are considered to have a size ranging from hundreds of
micrometers down to tens of nanometers, with the upper end of the C-S-H gel
pore-size distribution overlapping the lower end of the capillary pore size range
(Mindess and Young 1981). Moreover, gel pores do not influence the strength of
concrete adversely through its porosity, although these pores are directly related to
creep and shrinkage (Kumar and Bhattacharjee 2003). Capillary pores and other larger
pores (if exist), on the other hand, are responsible for reduction in strength and
elasticity, etc. (Newman 1966, Soroka 1979, Neville and Brooks 1990, Brandt 1995,
Mehta and Monteiro 2006). While dealing with an empirical strength–porosity
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