JEDEC Standard No. 51-2APage 96 Thermal characterization parameter - JT, Junction-to-Top of Package (Optional Procedure) 6.1 Purpose and limitations of the thermal characterization parameterThe thermal characterization parameter, JT, is proportional to the temperature difference between the top of the package and the junction temperature. Hence, it is a useful value for an engineer verifying device temperatures in an actual environment. By measuring the package temperature of the device, the junction temperature can be estimated if the thermal characterization parameter has been measured under similar conditions.The use of JT should not be confused with JC which is the thermal resistance from the device junction to the external surface of the package held at a constant temperature. The use and reporting of the case temperature during the junction to ambient thermal resistance test is optional.The measurement may be made using a temperature transducer such as a thermocouple, fluoroptic sensor, or infrared sensor.6.2 Thermocouple placement locationFor single chip (die) packages, the thermocouple junction shall be attached to the package at the geometric center of the top surface.The measurement may also be made using a temperature transducer such as a thermistors, fluoroptic sensor, or infrared sensor.6.3 Package thermocouple applicationCAUTION: Usefulness of this measurement is dependent on the procedure.Application of the thermocouple is critical to ensure proper thermal contact to the package and to ensure that the JA measurement is not disturbed. Determination of the package surface temperature, of a low conductance package body, requires that the following factors be considered:6.3.1 Attachment techniqueThe thermocouple wire and thermocouple bead shall touch the surface of the package. Best practice for attaching the wire and thermocouple junction is the use of a minimal amount of thermally conducting epoxy. The distance across the epoxy bead shall not exceed 2.5 mm in any direction.6.3.2 Wire routingThe thermocouple wire shall be routed next to the package body down to the board and along the board. This reduces cooling of the thermocouple junction by heat flowing along the wire. JEDEC Standard No. 51-2A Page 106.3 Package thermocouple application (cont’d)6.3.3 Thermocouple wire sizeThermocouple wire size shall be small such that heat loss along the wire does not cause anomalous low readings. Recommended maximum thermocouple size is 36 gauge. For type T thermocouples, 40 gauge is required.6.4 ProcedureThe junction temperature and package temperatures are determined at the steady-state condition in the JA measurement as specified above. The junction-to-top center of package thermal characterization parameter, JT, is calculated using the following equation:JT = (TJss - TTss)/PH (4)where JT = thermal characterization parameter from device junction to the top of the package surface (C/W)TJss = the junction temperature at steady-state.TTss = the package (top surface) temperature, at steady-state, measured by the thermocouple, infrared sensor, or fluoroptic sensor.The thermal characterization parameter, JT, has the units C/W but is a mathematical construct rather than thermal resistance because not all of the heating power flows through the exposed case surface.
-Reduced overdraft state budget in 2011 to less than 5% of GDP. Closely monitor the loan, repay the foreign debt of the business, especially short-term loans. Implementation of a review of government debt, national debt, and limitation of backup debts, not expanding the subject of government guarantees. Ensuring the balance of government debt, public debt balance, foreign debt balance in the limits of safety and national financial safety.
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