ONE of the most significant challenges that must be addressed before autonomous cars can be deployed in mass production is the verification and validation of their control systems in terms of safety and performance [1], [2].It has been estimated that autonomous vehicles need to be driven 275 million miles without fatality to assure the same rate of reliability as existing human-driven cars [3]. Hence, testing and calibration of decision and control systems of autonomous vehicles in simulation becomes necessary to com- plement the on-the-road tests, and the formal method-based and reachability analysis-based procedures (see [4]–[7]).