Panel C of Table 2 includes control variables and firm value. Yeh et al. (2001) argue that a controlling shareholder can effectively gain control with lower levels of ownership as ownership concentration decreases. To the extent that ownership among minority shareholders becomes more widely dispersed as a firm ages and grows larger, controlling shareholdersÕ effective control, and thus, influence over board member selection might increase. We therefore include the natural log of both a firmÕs age and its total book value of assets as additional factors that may influence board composition. Average (and median) firm age for the sample is 26 years with a standard deviation of 10.65 years. Average (median) size is NT $16.4($8.3) billion.