questions regarding the effectiveness of self-talk concerns the type (i.e., content) of self-talk. The distinction between instructional and motivational cues provided new directions for the self-talk literature. As mentioned previously, research generally supported the distinction and the differential effects that instructional and motivational self-talk can have on performance. Theodorakis et al. (2000) proposed what was later described by Hardy et al. (2009) as the ‘‘matching hypothesis’’: taking into consideration the requirements of the tasks, instructional self-talk should be more effective for tasks requiring precision and timing, whereas motivational self-talk should be more effective for task requiring strength and endurance. Hatzigeorgiadis, Zourbanos, Mpoumpaki, and Theodorakis (2009) further suggested that different self-talk cues may serve different functions (i.e., operate through different mechanisms) and may have different effects depending on the requirements of the task. Thus, no specific hypotheses were formed with regard to the overall effectiveness of instructional and motivational self-talk, however, the matching hypothesis stated above was tested.