The NRC 1983 framework appears to omit risk communication with the stakeholders. One motivation for change, or expansion of the framework, involves including stakeholders who want to understand risk and to choose how they respond to risk as individuals and societies (NRC, 1996). Many risk analysts and stakeholders recognize that the usefulness of unidirectional processes for risk analysis merits further scrutiny (President’s Commission on Risk Management, 1996; Marks, 1998; FDA, 1999).