The conceptualization of these two classes of decision rights is broadly consistent with the product development, ISD, and operations literature. For example, the distinction between DCRs versus DMRs parallels the distinction between decisions in set-ting up a project versus decisions within a project (Krishnan and Ulrich 2001), specification versus production decisions in product development (Iyer et al. 2005), specification versus execution decision rights in operations management (Vazquez 2004), and the distinction between control over a project versus control within a project in the ISD literature (Mähring 2002).