Many have advocated for the develop

Many have advocated for the development of the knowledge and skills necessary to become life-long learners. Some have called those skills the 4 Cs: communication, collaboration, critical thinking and creativity. Others cite renewed emphasis on a new set of 3Rs: rather than reading, writing, and arithmetic, it might be re-examining, reasoning, and reflection or more emphasis on higher-order reasoning skills at an earlier age. One way to conceptualize critical thinking is in terms of the other three Cs - communication (getting information and insights from others), collaboration (working on complex and challenging learning tasks with others), and creativity (trying out alternative approaches and new ideas). Prior efforts have focused on young adults and science, technology, engineering and mathematics subject areas. Our approach focuses on young learners who do not encounter their worlds in terms of traditional disciplines. In addition, prior efforts have been limited to one unit of instruction or one course. Our notion is that inquiry and critical thinking skills need to be developed early so that those skills become habits of mind. Such an approach requires sustained interventions over a number of years. This presentation will present the background philosophy, theory, and research, along with examples of development efforts and plans to evaluate the impact on learning and instruction. Constraints and obstacles to progress will also be discussed since so many prior efforts have had so little sustained impact.

結果 (繁體中文) 2:

許多人主張發展成為終身學習者所必需的知識和技能。有些人稱這些技能為4個C：溝通、協作、批判性思維和創造力。其他人則提到重新強調一套新的3R：與其閱讀、寫作和算術，不如在更早的時候重新審查、推理和思考，或者更強調高階推理技巧。將批判性思維概念化的一種方法是其他三個 C - 溝通（從他人那裡獲得資訊和見解）、協作（與他人一起完成複雜和具有挑戰性的學習任務）和創造力（嘗試替代方案）方法和新想法）。以往的努力側重于年輕人和科學、技術、工程和數學學科領域。我們的方法側重于那些在傳統學科方面不遇到自己世界的年輕學習者。此外，以前的努力僅限於一個教學單元或一門課程。我們的想法是，探究和批判性思維技能需要儘早發展，以便這些技能成為思維習慣。這種做法需要若干年的持續干預。本演講將介紹背景哲學、理論和研究，以及發展努力和計畫的示例，以評估對學習和指導的影響。還將討論取得進展的制約因素和障礙，因為以前的許多努力幾乎沒有持續的影響。

結果 (繁體中文) 3:

許多人主張發展成為終身學習者所必需的知識和技能。有些人把這些技能稱為4種能力：溝通、合作、批判性思維和創造力。另一些人則引用了對一組新的3R的重新強調：與其說是閱讀、寫作和算術，不如說是重新審視、推理和反思，或者更強調早期的高階推理技能。將批判性思維概念化的一種方法是從其他三個方面——溝通（從他人那裡獲得資訊和見解）、合作（與他人一起完成複雜和具有挑戰性的學習任務）和創造力（嘗試其他方法和新思想）。先前的努力集中在年輕人和科學、科技、工程和數學學科領域。我們的方法側重於在傳統學科方面沒有遇到自己世界的年輕學生。此外，以前的努力僅限於一個教學單元或一門課程。我們的觀點是，探究和批判性思維技能需要及早發展，以便這些技能成為思維習慣。這種做法需要多年的持續干預。本報告將介紹背景、哲學、理論和研究，以及評估學習和教學影響的發展努力和計畫的實例。還將討論阻礙進展的制約因素和障礙，因為許多先前的努力幾乎沒有持續的影響。