100:00:05,004 --> 00:00:14,0135 Ways the Cosmos Wants to Kill You200:00:14,094 --> 00:00:26,107No. 5 Your Muscles get weakerOn Earth, lots of muscles used for maintaining300:00:27,007 --> 00:00:32,034posture sitting, standing and so on, are alsoaffected by gravity. Skeletal muscles have400:00:32,034 --> 00:00:36,023the ability to adapt to different purposesand the different loads placed on them, a500:00:36,329 --> 00:00:42,550quality known as plasticity. But because ofabsence of gravity, muscles atrophy, losing600:00:42,055 --> 00:00:47,151mass and strength. During long spaceflightson the ISS, crew members experienced a decrease700:00:48,051 --> 00:00:55,054in mean isokinetic strength of between 8%and 17%. Data suggests that around 30% of800:00:55,054 --> 00:01:00,343muscle strength is lost after spending 110to 237 days in microgravity.900:01:00,829 --> 00:01:08,530No. 4 DepressurizationIf an astronaut is exposed to a space vacuum1000:01:08,053 --> 00:01:11,127without protection, his lungs would collapse,while the water in the person's soft tissues1100:01:12,027 --> 00:01:16,090would vaporize, causing the body to swellup. Bubbles would form in the veins, blocking1200:01:16,009 --> 00:01:21,052blood flow, and the astronaut's bowels, bladderand stomach would expel their contents. If1300:01:22,033 --> 00:01:26,075thats not bad enough, the bodily fluids woulddecrease below the body's normal temperature,1400:01:26,075 --> 00:01:29,160causing the astronaut's saliva to boil onhis tongue.1500:01:30,006 --> 00:01:37,034No. 3 Sun BurnsA short exposure to Ultra-violet light generates1600:01:37,088 --> 00:01:42,145vitamin D in our bodies, but if we're outin the sunlight too much, it can cause sunburns.1700:01:43,045 --> 00:01:48,059If an astronaut's skin was exposed to unfilteredsunlight in space, though, they would develop1800:01:48,059 --> 00:01:53,150a very bad case of sunburn, cataracts, suppressionof the immune system, skin cancer and premature1900:01:54,005 --> 00:01:59,011aging of the skin. But thanks to the manylayers of ultra-violet protection in the spacesuit,2000:02:00,001 --> 00:02:01,880astronauts are safe.2100:02:01,979 --> 00:02:09,640No. 2 RadiationUltra-violet light wont only give you sunburns.2200:02:09,064 --> 00:02:13,073If on Earth, you are protected by the atmospherefrom harmful radiation, then astronauts are2300:02:14,054 --> 00:02:19,056bombarded by such particles all the time.A spaceship would have to have metal walls2400:02:19,056 --> 00:02:26,235that were 3 feet, or 1 meter to be safe. Theamount of radiation received by a 253-day2500:02:26,739 --> 00:02:32,753trip would be equivalent of a whole-body CTscan every five or six days.2600:02:32,879 --> 00:02:40,896No. 1 Mental ProblemsThe space environment is pretty psychologically2700:02:41,049 --> 00:02:46,122stressful for astronauts. Microgravity, fatigueand struggle with sleeplessness from disruption2800:02:46,779 --> 00:02:52,784of the circadian rhythm, the intense, high-pressureworkload all affect ones mental health. Even2900:02:52,829 --> 00:02:56,950though NASA tries to select astronauts who'llbe able to function well mentally in the stressful3000:02:56,095 --> 00:03:00,744environment of space, astronauts have sufferedfrom mood and anxiety disturbances, and the3100:03:01,599 --> 00:03:05,630data suggests that the longer a mission lasts,the greater the risk to astronauts' mental3200:03:05,909 --> 00:03:17,981health. On a distant trip, this could be abig worry.
100:00:05004 - > 00:00:14,0135方式宇宙要杀死You200:00:14094 - > 00:00:26,107No。5你的肌肉得到weakerOn地球,大量用于maintaining300肌肉:00:27007 - > 00:00:32,034posture坐着,站着等,通过重力alsoaffected。骨骼肌have400:00:32034 - > 00:00:36,023the以适应不同purposesand对它们的不同负载的能力,A500:00:36329 - > 00:00:42,550quality称为可塑性。但由于ofabsence重力,肌肉萎缩,losing600:00:42055 - > 00:00:47,151mass和力量。在长时间spaceflightson国际空间站,机组成员经历了decrease700:00:48051 - > 00:00:55,054in平均8至17%之间等速力量。数据表明,大约30%of800:00:55054 - > 00:01:01:00829 - > 00:00,343muscle强度花费110to237天在microgravity.900丢失后01:08,530No。4 DepressurizationIf宇航员暴露在空间vacuum1000:01:08053 - > 00:01:11,127without保护,他的肺会崩溃,而水在人的软tissues1100:01:12027 - > 00:01:16,090会蒸发,导致身体swellup。泡沫将形成中的脉,blocking1200:01:16009 - > 00:01:21,052blood流,以及宇航员的肠子,胃bladderand驱逐将它们的内容。If1300:01:22033 - > 00:01:26,075thats还不够糟糕,体液woulddecrease低于人体正常温度,1400:01:26075 - > 00:01:29,160causing宇航员的口水煮沸onhis舌头。 1500:01:3万6 - > 00:01:37,034No。3日BurnsA短时间暴露于紫外光generates1600:01:37088 - > 00:01:在我们的身体42,145vitamin D,但如果我们outin阳光太多,它可能会导致sunburns.1700:01:43045 - > 00:01:48,059If宇航员的皮肤暴露在太空中unfilteredsunlight,不过,他们会develop1800:01:48059 - > 00:01:晒斑53,150a非常糟糕的情况下,白内障,suppressionof免疫系统,皮肤癌和premature1900:01:54005 - > 00:01:皮肤59,011aging。但由于紫外线保护的宇航服的manylayers,2000:02:00001 - > 00:02:01,880astronauts是safe.2100:02:01979 - > 00:02:09,640No。2 RadiationUltra,紫光不会只给你sunburns.2200:02:09064 - > 00:02:13,073If在地球上,你被atmospherefrom有害辐射保护,那么宇航员are2300:02:14054 - > 0时02 :由这种粒子19,056bombarded所有time.A飞船就必须有金属walls2400:02:19056 - > 00:02:26,235that分别为3英尺或1米是安全的。含量都通过253-day2500接受的辐射:02:26739 - > 00:02:32,753trip将相当于一个全身CTscan每五六days.2600:02:32879 - > 00:02:40896没有。1心理ProblemsThe空间环境是非常psychologically2700:02:41049 - > 00:02:46,122stressful宇航员。微重力,fatigueand与失眠从disruption2800挣扎:02:46779 - > 00:02:52,784of昼夜节律,激烈,高pressureworkload都影响的人的心理健康。Even2900:02:52829 - > 00:02:56,950though NASA试图选择宇航员who'llbe能够在精神上stressful3000运作良好:02:56095 - > 00:03:空间00,744environment,宇航员有sufferedfrom心情和焦虑障碍和the3100:03:01599 - > 00:03:05,630data表明不再是任务持续,更大的风险宇航员的mental3200:03:05909 - > 00:03:17,981health。在一个遥远的旅行,这可能是abig担心。
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