Fitness. Health-related fitness was assessed using established FitnessGram protocol (Meredith & Welk, 2010). The reliability and validity of the FitnessGram assessments are thoroughly documented in the FitnessGram Reference Guide (Plowman & Meredith, 2013). The specific FitnessGram test items used in this study were the PACER test for cardiovascular fitness, the 90° Push-Up and Curl-Up tests for muscular strength and endurance, the Back-Saver Sit and Reach test for flexibility, and the handheld bioelectrical impedance analyzer device for body composition.