The architectural options (i.e., IDM, DBA, EDW, and FED) and theirdescriptions were created through an extensive process of review andfeedback from the experts as well as the data warehousing literature.Survey respondents were given both a graphical and writtendescription of each possible architectural choice and asked to identifythe data warehouse architecture currently implemented in theirorganizations8. Because there are many variations of the four mainarchitectures, the respondents were asked (on a seven-point Likertscale) to indicate how closely their architecture matched thereference architecture they selected.