When the method is used in fitting logistic models in datasets giving rise to separation, the affected estimate is typically approaching a boundary condition. As a result, the likelihood profile is often asymmetric under these conditions; Wald tests and confidence intervals are liable to be inaccurate. In these circumstances, Heinze and coworkers recommend using likelihood ratio tests and profile likelihood confidence intervals in lieu of Wald-based statistics. Calculation of likelihood ratio test statistics with the method is done differently by Heinze and coworkers from what is conventionally done: instead of omitting the variable of interest and refitting the reduced model, the coefficient of interest is constrained to zero and left in the model in order to allow its contributing to the penalization. The test statistic is then omputed as twice the difference in penalized log likelihood values of the unconstrained and constrained models by lrtest in a manner directly analogous to that of conventional likelihood ratio tests.