The limitation of internationalization lies in its lack of attention to processes of change within domestic financial markets. Change comes from the entry of international market actors and/or the adoption of international (frequently, in this literature, American) market practices or regulation. Clearly, this is a very important part of both change in, and the differences between, financial markets, as is discussed further in the following chapters. However, the assumption that change can only come about as a result of such internationalization is problematic. In Brazil, for example, domestic private banks, spurred by the difficulties of operating in an environment of hyper-inflation,11 had a competitive advantage over new foreign entrants in treasury operations and technology (Stallings 2006: 245). Change, significant enough to force a new strategy on foreign entrants (ibid.), had already occurred in response to domestic, not international, influences.