Participants in the intervention group had a greater decrease in systolic blood pressure from baseline to12 wk than did controls (–4.9 ± 13.7 compared with –1.7 ± 11.6 mm Hg; P = 0.04) and a greater increase in plasma HDLcholesterol compared with controls (+1.7 ± 5.6 compared with +0.1 ± 4.6 mg/dL; P = 0.01). There were no differencesbetween the groups with respect to changes in body weight, BMI, blood lipid, and glycemic variables. Plasma oleic acidconcentrations and self-reported dietary intake of nuts, oleic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids suggested excellentcompliance with the nut consumption.