The deformity rate (DR, %) was expressed as the percentage of abnormal in total tested larvae.The shell height was measured as the dorsoventral shell height for 50 normal D-veliger larvae randomly selected from each replicate using an ocular micrometer.In the third treatment, approximately 500 D-veliger larvae were collected and placed into a 500 mL glass beaker containing 400 mL of FSW or each dilution of plastic leachates (0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1, and 10 g L−1).