Generally speaking, demographic variables (e.g., organizational tenure的繁體中文翻譯

Generally speaking, demographic var

Generally speaking, demographic variables (e.g., organizational tenure and employee gender) have not been found to be related to OCBs. The finding that gender is not related to citizenship behaviors is somewhat surprising, given that Kidder and McLean Parks (1993) discussed a number of plausible theoretical reasons why it ought to be. For example, they noted that empathetic concern and perspective taking should influence both helping behavior and courtesy, and both of these traits are associated with females (Davis, 1983). Conversely, Kidder and McLean Parks (1993) argued that males are more likely to engage in conscientious behavior than females, because “this type of behavior suggests an exchange orientation or an emphasis on quid pro quo, frequently associated with a male preference for equity over equality.” Thus, even though the existing empirical evidence has not been very supportive of the hypothesized effects of gender on citizenship behavior, additional evidence is needed before this issue can be resolved conclusively.
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Generally speaking, demographic variables (e.g., organizational tenure and employee gender) have not been found to be related to OCBs. The finding that gender is not related to citizenship behaviors is somewhat surprising, given that Kidder and McLean Parks (1993) discussed a number of plausible theoretical reasons why it ought to be. For example, they noted that empathetic concern and perspective taking should influence both helping behavior and courtesy, and both of these traits are associated with females (Davis, 1983). Conversely, Kidder and McLean Parks (1993) argued that males are more likely to engage in conscientious behavior than females, because “this type of behavior suggests an exchange orientation or an emphasis on quid pro quo, frequently associated with a male preference for equity over equality.” Thus, even though the existing empirical evidence has not been very supportive of the hypothesized effects of gender on citizenship behavior, additional evidence is needed before this issue can be resolved conclusively.
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結果 (繁體中文) 2:[復制]
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一般而言,尚未發現人口變數(如組織任期和員工性別)與 OCB 相關。性別與公民行為無關的發現有些令人驚訝,因為吉德和麥克萊恩帕克斯(1993年)討論了一些合理的理論理由,為什麼它應該如此。例如,他們指出,同情的關注和觀點應該影響説明行為和禮貌,這兩種特徵都與女性有關(Davis,1983年)。相反,吉德和麥克萊恩帕克斯(1993年)認為,男性比女性更可能從事良心行為,因為"這種行為表明一種交換取向或強調交換,經常與男性相關對公平優先于平等。因此,儘管現有的實證證據並不十分支援性別對公民行為的假設影響,但還需要更多的證據才能最終解決這一問題。
正在翻譯中..
結果 (繁體中文) 3:[復制]
復制成功!
一般來說,人口統計學變數(例如,組織任期和雇員性別)與組織公民行為沒有關係。考慮到Kidder和McLean Parks(1993)討論了一些合理的理論原因,性別與公民行為無關的發現有些令人驚訝。例如,他們注意到移情關懷和觀點採納應該影響幫助行為和禮貌,並且這兩個特徵都與女性相關(Davis,1983)。相反,Kidder和McLean Parks(1993)認為,男性比女性更有可能從事盡責的行為,因為“這類行為表明交換取向或強調交換價值,通常與男性對平等的偏好有關。”囙此,即使現有的經驗證據性別對公民行為的假設影響一直沒有得到很好的支持,在這個問題得到最終解決之前還需要更多的證據。<br>
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