The spectrum of MnO had satellite peaks associated with both the Mn 2p3/2 and Mn 2p1/2 peaks, and the spectra of Mn2O3 and MnO2 had only the Mn 2p1/2 satellite, with the energy separations between the Mn 2p1/2 peaks and the satellite peaks of Mn2O3 and MnO2 being about twice those of MnO [45].