Second, concerning the determinants of TCI, the paper shows that a firm’s processes of integrating NPD knowledge contribute to the identification of technology licensing opportunities. This finding supports emergent research suggesting that NPD and technology licensing should be managed in an integrated way rather than separately (Lichtenthaler and Ernst, 2009), and it further deepens our understanding of the determinants of licensing.Third, the link between NPD and licensing contributes to our understanding of capturing value from technology in outbound open innovation processes, as prior open innovation research mainly has taken an “outside in” rather than “inside out” approach (Enkel, Gassmann, and Chesbrough, 2009). These topics have been underscored as ripe for further study in recent work on knowledge management (Argote, McEvily, and Reagans, 2003), technology intelligence , and open innovation (Chesbrough, 2007).