Although the completeness of the ladders in the dataset remains a critical issue,when compared to the original HVM (Figure 2), the revised version (Figure 4),developed by expert judgment with respect to concept code classifications and naming,provides a more viewer-friendly and theoretically sound representation of theladdering data. This simple reanalysis suggests that when basic ladderingassumptions and protocols are followed, namely, coding and HVM construction, theoutput is more readily understandable. Yet, it is not possible to predict how the “soft” laddering prestudy, had it met all five assumptions, might have impacted the results of the “hard” laddering survey