Conditioning factorsThe causes of landslide development and occurrence are complex and diverse,and there is no clear agreement with respect to the precise reasons for their manifestation (Domínguez-Cuesta et al. 2007). The complex nature of the development of landslides (Jiménez Sánchez et al. 1999) has caused many researchers to investigate how landslide occurrence might be affected by various conditioning factors,e.g.,the topographical, geological, and environmental conditions (Zêzere et al. 1999). Therefore, the selection of appropriate conditioning factors is a challenging task. Some previous studies have assumed that the use of increased numbers of conditioning factors would enhance the precision of a landslide susceptibility map (van Westen et al. 2003).However, other researchhas indicated that conditioning factors with reasonable quality are necessary for producing accurate landslide susceptibility maps (Jebur et al. 2014). Thus, according to a literature review (Broeckx et al. 2018; Pourghasemi 2014; Reichenbach et al. 2018) and our actual analysis of the geo-environmental characteristics of the study area and data availability, this study considered 15 landslide conditioning factors that were grouped into three categories: topographical, geological, and environmental.