CONCLUSIONS: Neuro-immunology has increased our understanding of pain and can benefit conservative pain treatment for adults following cancer treatment. Implications for Rehabilitation Pain education is effective for improving cancer pain; implementation of contemporary pain neuroscience into the educational programme seems warranted. Various types of stress management are effective for treating patients following cancer treatment. Poor sleep is common in patients following cancer treatment, and rehabilitation specialists can address this by providing exercise therapy, sleep hygiene, and/or cognitive behavioural therapy. Exercise therapy is effective for decreasing pain in patients following cancer treatment, including the treatment of pain as a common side effect of hormone treatments for breast cancer survivors.