12. The key insight is that people need to be exposed to both gain and
loss frames to be able to make realistic decisions about the income
they will need in retirement. Behaviorally, neither frame by itself is
sufficient. While the gain frame can lead people to underestimate the
amount of sacrifice that will be necessary, the loss frame might cause
them to think too negatively about the consequences of those
sacrifices. Indeed, economic research has shown that big differences
in income typically result in minor differences in happiness.