Animals, including insects, do not

Animals, including insects, do not have a language like ours. They do not talk to each other in words and sentences. But if we watch them, we can see that they do have ways of communicating with each other. Professor Karl von Frisch（卡尔·冯·弗里希）is a scientist whose experiments have thrown great light on the amazing ways honeybees communicate in their dark hives.
动物，包括昆虫，它们没有像我们一样的语言。它们之间相互说话不用词和句子。但是，如果仔细观察它们，我们能发现它们确实有自己相互沟通的方式。卡尔·冯·弗里希教授是一个自然学家，
Professor von Frisch had worked with bees for many years. He was puzzled by something he had observed again and again. When he placed little dishes of honey on a table, bees soon came. As soon as one bee discovered the honey, many more came to it one after another in a short time. It seemed that one bee was able to communicate the news of food to other bees in its hive. How was this possible? To find out, Von Frisch built special hives, each with only one honeycomb. He built a glass wall through which he could watch what went on inside. In order to tell the bees apart, he painted some bees with little spots of color.
When a marked bee returned to the hive from the feeding table, Von Frisch watched through the glass. To his amazement, the bee began to perform a dance on the surface of the honeycomb. First she made a circle to the right, then to the left. She repeated these circles over and over. But that was not all. The dance seemed to excite the surrounding bees. They trooped behind the first dancer, imitating her movements. Then the bees left the hive and went to the feeding place. The circle dance seemed to communicate news of food. But what else?
Von Frisch wanted to find out whether the dance told them how far away the feeding place was. So he set up two feeding places. One was close to the hive. The other was much farther away from the hive. He marked all the bees that came to the nearby feeding place blue, and all the bees that went to the faraway place were marked red. When the bees came back to the hive, Von Frisch saw a curious sight. All the bees that had been at the nearby place were doing the circling dance. All the bees that had been at the distant feeding place were doing a completely different dance, a wagging dance. The dancer ran in a straight line, wagging from side to side. Then she turned in a semicircle, ran straight again, and turned in another semicircle to the opposite side. She kept repeating the “steps” over and over. Things were clear now. The circle dance meant that food was near. The wagging dance meant that food was far away.
But then another question came up. Did the wagging dance tell the bees how away the food was? To answer this question, Von Frisch and his co-workers set up a feeding place close to the hive. Then they slowly move it farther and farther away. Back at the hive they watched the wagging dance closely. With a stopwatch, they counted how many times the bees repeated the dance during one minute. They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the slower the dance was. The slower the dance was, the fewer the times it could be repeated in a minute. So another amazing fact came to light. The number of wagging dances per minute told the distance to the feeding place.
Next Von Frisch thought that bees needed to know more than just the distance to a faraway place. He thought they needed to know the direction to it. He set out to discover whether the wagging dance showed direction. He put a glass dish with sugar water and honey to the west of the hive. A marked bee fed itself from the dish and returned to the hive. Soon, the bees in the hive flew out. They flew right to the dish. Then Von Frisch moved the dish to the east of the hive and waited for a marked bee to feed. Again the bees flew right to the dish. How did the bees know exactly in which direction to fly?
Von Frisch watched the wagging dance very carefully. He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the morning from what it had been in the afternoon. It soon became clear that the straight part of the dance changed when the sun’s position changed. If the feeding place was toward the sun, the dancer headed straight upward during the straight of the wagging dance. If the feeding place was away from the sun, the straight part of the wagging dance pointed downward. The wagging dance of the honeybee, therefore, did show the direction of a feeding place.
What do these experiments of Professor Karl von Frisch tell us about bees? Do bees have minds? Can they figure out direction and distance? There is no scientific answer to these questions at present. All we can say is that bees can and do communicate with each other. Their dances are a kind of “language.” But the world of the honeybee is just beginning to be opened to us. More research is being done. Someday, as we understand more about them, we may be able to learn how bees developed their amazing “language.”

結果 (中文) 1:

动物，包括昆虫，并没有像我们这样的语言。他们做不彼此交谈中的单词和句子。但如果我们看着他们，我们可以看到他们确实拥有的互相沟通方式。卡尔 · 冯 · 弗里斯教授 （卡尔·冯·弗里希） 是一位科学家进行的实验有伟大明朗化蜜蜂通信在黑暗的蜂箱令人惊异的方式。动物，包括昆虫它们没有像我们一样的语言。它们之间相互说话不用词和句子。但是，如果仔细观察它们我们能发现它们确实有自己相互沟通的方式。卡尔·冯·弗里希教授是一个自然学家，· 冯 · 弗里斯教授曾与蜜蜂很多年了。他某事感到困惑，他又一次看到。当他在桌上放的蜂蜜的小盘子时，蜂很快就过来了。只要一只蜜蜂发现了蜂蜜，很多人更给它一个接一个走在短时间内。看来，一只蜜蜂也能交流到其他蜜蜂在蜂箱里食物的消息。这是如何进行的？为了找到答案，冯 · 弗里施建造特殊的蜂箱，每个都有仅有一个蜂窝。他建造了一堵玻璃墙，通过它他可以看了什么在里面。为了告诉蜜蜂分开，他在一些蜜蜂身上点上的颜色。当带有标记的蜜蜂从喂食桌回到蜂巢时，透过玻璃看了冯。令他吃惊的是，蜜蜂开始蜂窝表面上表演舞蹈。首先她成了一圈，向右，再向左转。她一遍又一遍重复这些圈子。但那不是全部。舞蹈似乎激发了周围的蜜蜂。他们成群结队地后面第一只跳舞，模仿她的动作。然后蜜蜂离开蜂巢，并喂食地点去。圆圈舞似乎传递食物信息。但其他的呢？冯.弗里施想要找出舞是否告诉他们喂食地点距离有多远了。所以他建立了两个喂食点。一个是靠近蜂箱。另一种是远距离蜂巢。他给所有处蓝色，来到附近喂食的蜜蜂标上，所有的蜜蜂去了遥远的地方被标记为红色。当蜜蜂回到蜂巢时，冯看到一个奇怪的景象。所有的蜜蜂都已经在附近的地方被跳圈舞。所有曾在遥远的喂食处的蜜蜂正在做完全不同的舞蹈，摆尾舞。舞者在一条直线，跑摇摆从一边到另一边。然后她转半个圈，再沿直线跑，上交到另一侧的另一个半圆。她一遍又一遍不断重复"步骤"。现在明白了。圆圈舞意思是食物在附近。摆尾舞意思是食物在很远的地方。但是接着另一个问题提出来了。摆尾舞告诉蜜蜂如何远离食物了吗？要回答这个问题，冯 · 弗里希和他的同事们建立了靠近蜂箱的喂食处。然后他们慢慢移动它越来越远。他们回到蜂箱时，便仔细观察摆尾舞。用一个秒表，他们数了多少次蜜蜂在一分钟内重复这只舞。他们发现喂食地点是越远，舞就跳得越慢。慢舞是，它可以在一分钟内重复的较少的时期。于是另一个惊人的事实的。每分钟摆尾数目告诉到喂食处的距离。接下来冯认为蜜蜂需要知道不仅仅只是一个遥远的地方的距离。他认为他们需要知道它的方向。他着手发现摆尾舞是否表明方向。他将与糖水和蜂蜜的玻璃盘在蜂巢的西边。带有标记的蜜蜂从盘子里养活了自己，回到蜂巢。很快，蜂巢中的蜜蜂飞了出去。他们飞向盘子的右边。然后冯把盘子移到蜂巢的东边，等待带有标记的蜜蜂养活。再次，蜜蜂飞向右边这道菜。蜜蜂是怎么知道到底在哪个方向飞？冯非常仔细观察摆尾舞。他注意到舞蹈的直线部分是早上从它在下午有何不同。它很快就成为了清晰舞蹈的直线部分改变时太阳的位置发生了变化。如果喂食处是朝向太阳，舞者期间的摆尾舞直直向上领导。如果喂食处是背向太阳，摆尾舞的直线部分就指向下方。因此，蜜蜂摆尾舞表现了喂食处的方向。卡尔 · 冯 · 弗里斯教授这些实验告诉我们什么关于蜜蜂？蜜蜂有头脑吗？它们能辨别方向和距离吗？目前尚没有对这些问题的科学回答。我们可以说的是，蜜蜂能做与对方沟通。他们的舞蹈是一种"语言"。但蜜蜂世界才刚刚向我们开放。更多的研究正在进行。总有一天，我们的理解更多关于他们，我们可能能够学习蜜蜂是如何发展其令人惊叹的"语言"。

結果 (中文) 3:

动物，包括昆虫，没有象我们一样的一种的语言。它们不用词语和句子互相交谈。然而如果细观察他们，我们就能看到它们的确有相互交流的各种方式。卡尔·冯·弗里希教授（卡尔·冯·弗里希）是一个科学家的实验对蜜蜂的惊人的方式被伟大的光在黑暗的蜂箱里交流。动物，包括昆虫，它们没有像我们一样的语言。它们之间相互说话不用词和句子。但是，如果仔细观察它们，我们能发现它们确实有自己相互沟通的方式。卡尔·冯·弗里希教授是一个自然学家，von Frisch教授和蜜蜂合作多年。他对一再观察到的某一现象感到很纳闷。当他把小碟的蜜放在桌上后，蜜蜂很快就来了。一旦一只蜜蜂发现了蜂蜜，就有更多的蜜蜂在短时间内陆续出现.。看来一只蜜蜂能把食物的信息传递给蜂箱里的其他蜜蜂。这是怎样做到的呢？发现，Von Frisch建立了特殊的蜂箱，每个只有一个蜂窝。他装上一面玻璃墙，透过它他可以察在里面进行的活动。为了便于区别蜜蜂，他在一些蜜蜂的身上点上颜色。当一只蜜蜂从喂食台返回蜂箱时，Von Frisch透过玻璃观看.。使他惊异的是，这只蜜蜂开始在蜂窝面上表演一种跳舞。它先向右转一圈，再向左转。这样一遍又一遍地重复转圈。但情况还不止如此。这种舞蹈似乎使周围的蜜蜂兴奋起来。他们成群地跟在第一只跳舞者后面，模仿着它的动作，然后蜜蜂们离开蜂箱到喂食处去了。这种圆圈舞好象传递了食物的信息。但还有什么呢？Von Frisch想知道舞蹈是否告诉他们喂食地点有多远。所以他建立了两个喂食点。一个靠近蜂箱。另一个离蜂箱远得多。他给所有来到近处喂食点的蜜蜂都标上蓝色，给所有飞到远处喂食点的蜜蜂都标上红色。当蜜蜂回到蜂箱时，Von Frisch看到了一个奇异的景象.。所有的蜜蜂都在附近的地方做盘旋舞蹈。所有到过远处喂食点的蜜蜂都跳着一种完全不同的舞，摆尾舞。跳舞者沿着直线跑，左右摆动。然后它转半个圈，再沿直线跑，又向另一边转半个圈。她一遍又一遍地不断重复这些“舞步”。现在事情很清楚。圆圈舞的意思是食物在近处。摆尾舞的意思是食物在远处。但是接着出现了另一个问题。摆尾舞告诉蜜蜂食物如何走？为了回答这个问题，Von Frisch和他的同事在蜂箱附近建立了一个喂食处.。然后他们慢慢地移动它越来越远。回到蜂箱他们仔细观察摆尾舞。他们用跑表计算蜜蜂在一分钟内重复舞蹈的次数。他们发现喂食点越远，舞蹈就越慢。舞蹈越慢，在一分钟内能够重复的次数就越少。于是发现另一个令人惊讶的情况。每分钟摆尾舞次数说明了到喂食点的距离。下一个Von Frisch认为，蜜蜂需要知道的不仅仅是距离一个遥远的地方。他认为它们需要知道到那里去的方向。他便着手弄清摆尾舞是不是表明方向。他在蜂箱的西面放了一个盛有糖水和蜜的玻璃碟子。一只带有标记的蜜蜂在碟里采食以后，便飞回蜂箱。不一会儿，蜂箱里的蜜蜂都飞出来了。它们径直朝碟子飞去。然后Von Frisch把盘子搬到蜂箱的东边，等待一只蜜蜂来喂食.。蜜蜂又径直朝碟子那里飞去。蜜蜂究竟是怎么知道飞向哪个方向的？弗里斯仔细观察摆尾舞。他注意到，上午舞蹈的直线部分与下午的情况不一样。很快就清楚了，摆尾舞直线部分随着太阳位置的改变而改变。如果喂食地点朝向太阳，舞者笔直向上摆尾舞的直线中。如果喂食点背着太阳，摆尾舞的直线部分就指向下方。因此，蜜蜂的摆尾舞的确表明了喂食点的方向。卡尔·冯·弗里希教授的这些实验告诉我们什么是蜜蜂？蜜蜂有思想吗？它们能算出方向和距离吗？目前对于这些问题没有科学的答案。我们所能说的只是，蜜蜂能够而且的确互相传递信息。他们的舞蹈是一种“语言”。但蜜蜂世界刚开始向我们打开。正在进行更多的研究