Most studies of plains zebra (Equus

Most studies of plains zebra (Equus burchellii) have focused on population ecology and have not included long-term observations of identified individuals. Over a 5year period, we studied the crepuscular activities of 13 individual zebras within a focal group held within a managed game reserve. We also examined individual residency within the group by recording births, mortalities and longevity of group membership by adults. Residency of individuals living in other groups on the reserve was similarly monitored to examine variability in social structure within this closed population over an extended period of time. Stable, female groups were the mainstay of group sociality with male mean residency at 31.6 months being variable in length or even absent. Social interactions across all categories of zebras were free from aggression. Despite an absence of non-human predators, the proportion of dusk time budget allocated to vigilance was high, at 41% for males during periods when they accompanied stable female groups and 12% for females during these same periods. Female vigilance increased significantly to 19% whenmales were not resident. Females spent 70% of the time grazing and males just 36%. Due to its long-term nature, we concluded this study established a base line for plains zebra activity that could assist in understanding the factors that influence the successful management and conservation of healthy populations.

結果 (繁體中文) 1:

Most studies of plains zebra (Equus burchellii) have focused on population ecology and have not included long-term observations of identified individuals. Over a 5year period, we studied the crepuscular activities of 13 individual zebras within a focal group held within a managed game reserve. We also examined individual residency within the group by recording births, mortalities and longevity of group membership by adults. Residency of individuals living in other groups on the reserve was similarly monitored to examine variability in social structure within this closed population over an extended period of time. Stable, female groups were the mainstay of group sociality with male mean residency at 31.6 months being variable in length or even absent. Social interactions across all categories of zebras were free from aggression. Despite an absence of non-human predators, the proportion of dusk time budget allocated to vigilance was high, at 41% for males during periods when they accompanied stable female groups and 12% for females during these same periods. Female vigilance increased significantly to 19% when
男性沒有居民。女性花費的時間放牧的70％，男性只有36％。由於其長期性，我們認為這項研究建立了平原斑馬的活動，可以幫助理解影響健康人群的成功的管理和養護的因素底線。

結果 (繁體中文) 2:

大多數對平原斑馬（Equus burchellii）的研究都集中在人口生態學上，沒有包括對已識別個體的長期觀察。在5年的時間裡，我們研究了13只斑馬在管理遊戲保護區內一個焦點小組內的斑馬的斑馬活動。我們還通過記錄成人的出生、死亡和群體成員壽命，對群體中的個人居住情況進行了檢查。同樣，對居住在保護區其他群體中的個人的居住情況進行了監測，以審查這一封閉人口中長期內社會結構的變化情況。穩定的女性群體是群體社交的支柱，男性平均居住期為31.6個月，長度可變，甚至不存在。各類斑馬的社會互動沒有侵略。儘管沒有非人類捕食者，但用於警惕的黃昏時間預算比例很高，在伴隨穩定女性群體期間，男性占41%，同期女性占12%。女性警惕性顯著提升至19%，當
男性不是居民。女性花70%的時間放牧，而男性只有36%。由於其長期性質，我們得出結論，這項研究為平原斑馬活動建立了一條基本線，有助於瞭解影響成功管理和保護健康種群的因素。

結果 (繁體中文) 3:

對平原斑馬（Equaus burchellii）的研究大多集中在種群生態學上，沒有包括對已鑒定個體的長期觀察。在5年的時間裏，我們研究了在一個有管理的野生動物保護區內的一個焦點小組內13只斑馬的微光活動。我們還通過記錄成人的出生率、死亡率和團體成員的壽命來檢驗團體內的個人居住情况。對居住在保護區內其他群體中的個人的居住情况進行了類似的監測，以檢查在這一封閉人口中長期存在的社會結構的變異性。穩定的女性群體是群體社會性的主體，男性平均居住時間為31.6個月，其長度不一甚至不存在。所有種類斑馬之間的社會互動都沒有攻擊性。儘管沒有非人類捕食者，但用於警戒的黃昏時間預算比例很高，在與穩定的雌性群體相伴期間，雄性的比例為41%，而在同一時期，雌性的比例為12%。當
男性不是居民。雌性花了70%的時間吃草，雄性只花了36%。由於其長期性，我們得出結論：本研究為平原斑馬的活動建立了一個基線，有助於瞭解影響健康種群成功管理和保護的因素。