Moreover, from the simplified mind map forfreshmen, a feedback loop is discovered. The paths are outlined as “Utility Functions” → “Pricing” → “Innovation Functions” → “User Interface” → “Utility Functions” (as shown in Figure 3), which means that freshmen users determine the price reasonableness of smartphones through the practicability functions provided by smartphones. This is to verify that the smartphones provide us-ers with default content. In other words, users anticipate that smartphones with higher prices offer innovative and high-quality interface design. Such outstanding interface designs will naturally acquire richer and simpler information services from practicability, thereby forming a feedback loop.