Reducing off-task behavior could directly affect learning because academic learning time (ALT), defined as the "proportion of instructional time allocated to a content area during which students are actively and productively engaged in learning" (tiettinger & Siebert, 2002, p. 774), has been closely linked to academic outcomes (Gettinger & Stoiber, 1999). Therefore, it makes intuitive sense that time on task, or a reduction in time off task, would also be linked to positive academic outcomes.