An important implication of our evidence is that it may be premature to draw inferences regarding managerial behavior around corporate events. Re- searchers (see, e.g., Rangan 1998) have suggested that investors do not adjust for managerial manipulation of reported earnings prior to the announcement of an SEO and naively extrapolate pre-issue earnings. The evidence presented in this article does not justify earnings management activities if investors underreact to good information. It may be necessary to reinterpret the evidence in these papers. This is left as an area for future research.