Range of motion was measured in the ankle joint,the subtalar joint, and the first and fifth rays as de-scribed by Root et al.18Range of motion of the firstmetatarsophalangeal joint was explored in a non-weightbearing position using a manual goniometer,making the mid-axis of each arm coincide with thelongitudinal axis of the proximal phalanx and the lon-gitudinal axis of the first metatarsal on the medialpart of the foot, respectively.