Heat stress affects animal health, welfare, and productivity. <br>Animal sound analysis has shown useful as an early warning tool of heat stress in some animal species, but it has not yet been studied in turkeys. <br>The objectives of this study were to develop method for turkey sound analysis and determine whether heat stress can induce specific turkey vocalizations. <br>Forty-eight turkeys were bred in 8 isolated rooms under laboratory conditions for 8 weeks and randomly allotted to heat stress (HS) rooms and control (CON) rooms. <br>Turkeys in the HS rooms were exposed to high room temperature three times during the study. Temperatures in the HS rooms were increased from 21 to 34 °C from 9:00 a.m. to 11:20 a.m., kept at 34 °C for 2 h before lowing back to 21 °C during the tests days. <br>The temperature in the CON rooms was maintained at 21 °C. <br>Turkey vocalizations were continuously recorded. <br>The recorded sounds were analyzed using MATLAB. <br>Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) were used to process the sound signals in the frequency domain and time-frequency domain, respectively. <br>Support vector machine (SVM) was used as the classifier for sound signal recognition. <br>Zero-crossing rate (ZCR) in the time domain, main frequency (MF) in the frequency domain and 3rd dimension MFCC (3D-MFCC) in the time-frequency domain were found the three best sound features. The accuracy of classification was 88.75% based on SVM and the three selected features. <br>The numbers of turkey vocalizations under HS were 43% more than under CON conditions. <br>Turkeys responded to heat stress within 30 min by producing more vocalizations. <br>The results demonstrated the possibility of using turkey vocal sound monitoring and analysis as an early warning tool for heat stress detection.
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