For the experimental validity, there are a couple of
concerns with internal and external validity. The lack of
control over the variables and the presence of confounding
variables may reduce the internal validity. A series of
rANOVAs was performed to test the influence of
confounding factors. This was done by using different
combinations of single video scores instead of using average
scores of the two identical situations. The results showed
some difference in the statistical significance of interaction
effects that were found, however the main effect of density,
Heavy Goods Vehicles and age the results were still
significant for each combination.