Each TV channel’s candidate attribute scores were calculated using the Janis–Fadner Coefficient of Imbalance (Janis & Fadner, 1943). The Janis–Fadner method works well for the operationalization of candidate attributes because it incorporates both strength (frequency) and direction (tone) of the message, which are two important dimensions of attribute agenda setting (Sheafer, 2007). The coefficient ranges from −1 when all candidate attributes in a particular program are negative to +1 when all attributes are positive.1